Abstract: In the software product development, a special attention should be paid to the usability of the product while realizing its functionality. Usability pertains to the user’s view fo the quality of a product, which is the synonym of the quality in use. It is one of the critical factors to the success of the product. In order to improve the usability of software products,we must first make usability visible. Thus a kind of objective, uniform and quantitative measurements for usability is in great need. The Common Industry Format for usability testing is a standardized test for software usability, which is also called CIF test for short. It is the main contribution of the IUSR project initiated by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST). The CIF Test is based on a carefully designed evaluation procedure and an appropriate metrics. It enables suppliers and purchasers of software products measure the usability of the products in an objective and quantitative way, therefore promote the emphasis on products’usability. After giving the concept of software usability, this paper describes the IUSR project and its main contribution-Common industrial Format for usability testing. The authors’ experiences in using the standard are discussed finally.
Keywords:Software;Usability;NIST;IUSR;CIF;Effectiveness,Efficiency;Satisfaction;Context of use

Abstract: It is recognized that the essential means to assure an organization to produce usable products is to adopt user-centered design and improve its processes to achieve higher usability maturity level. This paper describes an assessment based on Usability Maturity Model(UMM)for organizational human-centeredness at some Chinese software enterprises. The objectives of the assessment is to have a clearer understanding of the current state of the enterprises so that usability engineering could be better promoted in this sector. The assessment is of interview-based style and three representative enterprises were selected as the assesses. The results show that the maturity level for all the assesses is level A that is the lowest level in the five point Human-Centeredness Scale(HCS). The paper analyses the current circumstances in the enterprises with various deficiencies indicated and some positive aspects recognized. Finally some insights are provided on a feasible strategy for introducing usability engineering in the industry.
Keywords:Usability Engineering;Assessment;UMM;HCS;Software Process

Abstract: This paper presents a case study we conducted on web usability improvement. The work focused on improving usability of a real university website through redesigning its category and page writing style. We used some simple usability methods and tools like card sorting and evaluated the effects of improvement by a comparative user test. The results were quite positive and show that cost-effective usability methods can sometimes achieve substantial improvement on web usability.
Keywords: Usability;Web;Method;User Test;Redesign

Abstract: This paper presents a case study we conducted on web usability improvement. The work focused on improving usability of a real university website through redesigning its category and page writing style. We used some simple usability methods and tools like card sorting and evaluated the effects of improvement by a comparative user test. The results were quite positive and show that cost-effective usability methods can sometimes achieve substantial improvement on web usability.
Keywords: Usability;Web;Method;User Test;Redesign

摘要:可用性测试与评估是可用性工程的重要组成部分。该文首先提出可用性质量的指标体系，它为衡量和改进产品的可用性质量提供了参照系和必要的基础，然后重点介绍几个用户评估与专家评估方法，最后给出一个可用性用户评估的实例。
关键词:可用性 评估 测试 有效性 效率 满意度 专家评估 用户评估 指标体系
Abstract: Usability evaluation is one of the most important part of usability engineering to improve usability as quality in use for products. This paper describes the metrics adopted in the related standards and current practice for measuring usability. Various methods for both user-based evaluation and expert-based evaluation are then highlighted in the paper. Finally an example of comparative usability evaluation conducted by AIR for Microsoft is presented briefly.
Keywords:Evaluation,Testing,Usability,Effectiveness,Efficiency,Satisfaction,Expert-based evaluation,User-based evaluation, Metrics

摘要:多媒体产品的设计应在重视产品功能性的同时重视其可用性。可用性体现了从用户角度感受到的产品质量，是决定产品成败的关键因素之一。为了提高多媒体产品的可用性质量，必须在产品的设计开发过程中运用可用性工程方法，其中包括使用多媒体的可用性设计指南，该文将综合介绍目前提出的多媒体产品的可用性设计指南。
关键词:多媒体 可用性 指南 设计
Abstract: In the development of a multimedia product, a special attention should be paid to the usability of the product while realizing its functionality. Usability pertains to the user’s view of the quality of a product, which is the synonym of the quality in use. It is one of the critical factors to the success of the product. In order to improve the usability of multimedia products, writers must design the product with usability engineering methods, including using usability guidelines. This article attempts to summarize various usability design guidelines for multimedia that is used in practice.
Keywords: Multimedia,Usability, Guideline,Design

摘要：可用性工程是开发高可用性交互式软件和IT产品的有效途径。这要求根据开发组织的可用性成熟度状况，把以用户为中心的设计方法结合到产品生命周期过程中。为指导可用性工程在国内的引进和推广，我们按照可用性能力成熟度模型UMM，选择代表性的软件企业进行了一次可用性能力成熟度评估。本文介绍这次评估依据的UMM模型，所采用的评估方法和评估结果，重点讨论所发现的阻碍企业应用可用性工程的问题，并提出过程改进的对策。
关键词：可用性；可用性工程；以用户为中心设计方法；过程；评估；可用性能力成熟度模型；以人为中心程度
Abstract: It is recognized that the essential means to assure an organization to produce usable products is to adopt user-centered design and improve its processes to achieve higher usability maturity level. This paper describes an assessment based on Usability Maturity Model(UMM)for organizational human-centeredness at some Chinese software enterprises. The objective of the assessment is to have a clearer understanding of the current state of the enterprises so that usability engineering could be better promoted in this sector. The assessment is of interview-based style and three representative enterprises are selected as the assesses. The results show that the maturity level for all the assesses if level A that is the lowest level in the five point Human-Centeredness Scale(HCS). The paper analyzes the current circumstances in the enterprises with various deficiencies indicated and some positive aspects recognized. Finally some insights are provided on a feasible strategy for introducing usability engineering in the industry.
Keywords: Usability;Usability engineering;UCD;Process;Assessment;UMM;HCS

摘要：网站是一种面向大众的IT 产品, 它的设计不应该忽视老年人和残障人, 其内容应该是可达的。可达的(accessible) 产品和服务应该是能够被所有可能的用户使用, 在其设计过中应该考虑到各种用户能力上的不同。如果产品设计中没有考虑到各种用户能力的不同, 就会造成可达性障碍。为了避免出现可达性障碍, 在网站的开发过程中应该采用提高可达性的设计方法。本文首先介绍可达性的一般概念,然后概括性的介绍了W 3C?WA I 的网站可达性设计, 最后分析了国内外部分网站的可达性设计现状。
关键词：网站　可达性　网站设计　指南　万维网协会 网站可达性倡议

摘要：为改善网站的可用性, 一般采用可用性工程方法, 其核心是以用户为中心的设计方法论(U CD)。综合介绍了目前国内外对于用户行为数据收集和分析方法所进行的研究, 各种方法的特点, 并介绍一些利用相应方法所开发出的工具实例, 使得建设的网站更加符合用户的需要, 以保障用户与网站之间沟的顺畅。
关键词：网站可用性, UCD, 数据收集, 用户行为, 辅助工具
ABSTRACT:In order to improve the usability of website, the usability engineering method that focuses on UCD (user centered design) is usually adopted. This paper introduces all kinds of methods about collecting and analyzing user behavior data and features according to different methods and some tools at home and abroad, and some relative examples with these methods are also provided. The Websites constructed will meet requirement of user and guarantee smooth communication between user and website
KEYWORDS:website usability, UCD, data collection, user behavior, auxiliary tool

摘要：为改善网站的可用性, 一般采用可用性工程方法, 其核心是以用户为中心的设计方法论(U CD)。综合 介绍了目前国内外对于用户行为数据收集和分析方法所进行的研究, 各种方法的特点, 并介绍一些利用相应方法 所开发出的工具实例, 使得建设的网站更加符合用户的需要, 以保障用户与网站之间沟通的顺畅。
关键词：网站可用性, UCD, 数据收集, 用户行为, 辅助工具
ABSTRACT:In order to improve the usability of website, the usability engineering method that focuses on UCD (user centered design) is usually adopted. This paper introduces all kinds of methods about collecting and analyzing user behavior data and features according to different methods and some tools at home and abroad, and some relative examples with these methods are also provided. The Websites constructed will meet requirement of user and guarantee smooth communication between user and website
KEYWORDS:website usability, UCD, data collection, user behavior, auxiliary tool

摘要：:介绍了可用性的概念, 讨论了特殊的设计问题和解决方案。着重介绍了交互设计, 以及它在每个周期 中如何充分利用可用性方法。并列举了实例进行说明。
关键词：可用性, 反复式设计, 可用性测试, 瀑布开发模型, 螺旋式开发
ABSTRACT：This paper introduces the concept of usability and discusses the specific design problem s and the solutions. The interactive design and how to fully use the usability in each cycle are presented in detail. An example is given also.
KEYWORDS:usability, repeated design, usability test, cascade development model, spiral development

摘要：在交互产品的设计和开发过程中，如果期望开发出来的产品能让用户高效、容易、满意地使用，一项非常重要的工作就是充分理解用户的需求，这需要在整个产品开发过程中借助真实用户对处于不同开发阶段的产品反复地进行可用性评估。本文着重介绍一种辅助评估工具的设计和开发，它可以帮助评估人员在评估活动中收集用户行为、快速产生用户行为的统计分析结果，进而发现产品的可用性问题。
关键词：交互产品；可用性评估；UCD；辅助评估工具；用户行为

摘要：随着网站信息的膨胀，传统的浏览模式已经不可能满足用户的需求。由于图形能直观地表示事物，因此，进行网站结构可视化将有利于用户对网站的浏览。但是屏幕空间是有限的，需要显示的信息量非常庞大，所以，可视化网站结构时必须采用适当的导航技术。为了解决这一问题，许多研究人员进行了大量的探索和研究，本文介绍的是其中最常用的三种技术----缩放、概观+细节、焦点+上下文。利用这三种技术，可以有效地实现大量信息在有限空间中的可视化，满足用户的导航要求。文章最后介绍了我们设计的网站结构可视化工具----基于鱼眼视图的网站地图。
关键词：信息可视化；网站地图；鱼眼视图；焦点+上下文

摘要：随着计算机技术的飞速发展，信息过量成为人们普遍面临着的问题。用户需要能够帮助他们快速方便的浏览和导航复杂信息的工具。信息可视化是解决是解决这一问题的好方法之一。三维可视化可以充分发挥人的视觉能力和空间感，使用户更快、更好的掌握大规模的信息。本文主要介绍了三维信息可视化系统设计的基本柜架，着重阐述三维可视化系统设计中的布局和交互问题，进一步讨论了如何检验可视化系统。
关键词：信息可视化；三维；布局；交互；可用性
Abstract: The rapid development of computer technology have result in excessive information in life. People need tools which can help them conveniently browse and navigate mass information. 3D information visualization more quickly and effectively. Here we present a framework of 3D information visulization system design. We mainly discuss layout and interaction issue of 3D information visulization and how to evaluate an information visualization system.
Key words:Information Visualization;3D;Layout;Interaction;Usability

摘要：采用在网站结构图上表现网站使用情况信息的方法，选取适当的数据源，利用二维可视化技术，开发了网站可用性分析系统SUAT（Site Usability Analysis Tool），以帮助网站可用性分析人员发现用户网络行为模式和网站存在的可用性问题。安全分析结果表明，利用二维可视化技术分析网站的可用性问题是一种行之有效的方法，它在很大程度上简化了网站设计人员对网站结构和内容的改进过程。
关键词：网站；可用性；信息可视化
Abstract: By displaying Web usage and structure information on the Web structure maps and selecting appropriate data sources, a site usability analysis tool(SUAT)is proposed based on the two-dimension visualization technology. This tool can help site analysts to discover the usage pattern of Web visitors and the usability problems existing in a website. By the analysis of a practical case, it is proved that the two-dimension visualization technology is effective for the analysis of website usability and can greatly help website designers simplify the process of improving the content and structure of the website.
Key words: Web; usability; information visualization

摘要：万维网已经成为人们获取信息的一个重要途径。盲人和视障用户在使用读屏软件阅读网页内容时会遇到很多可达性问题。本文介绍了一种帮助盲人和视障用户理解网页信息的网页结构划分方法，为了验证这种网页结构划分方法是否能够帮助盲人和视障用户更好的理解网页信息，我们基于这个方法开发了一个网页阅读软件 CWR（Chinese Webpage Reader）。通过初步测试，我们发现这种网页结构的划分方法对盲人和视障用户阅读网页是有帮助的。
关键词: 网页; 网页结构; 读屏软件; 可达性

摘要：用户在浏览网页时常常会有打印网页的需求，但是适合浏览的网页却不一定适合打印阅读，而许多网站也没有提供适合打印的网页，这是一个普遍存在的网站可用性问题，为了解决这一问题，作者对国内网站进行了调查；分析普通网页和适合打印网页之间的区别；归纳普通网页的工具原型，最后利用该工具进行实验性应用案例研究。
关键词：网站；可用性；可用性工程；适合打印
Abstract: It is a prevalent problem that most indigenous websites do not provide the printer-friendly version, which is more suitable for audiences to print out. That is one of the usability problem of the website design. In the first section of this paper, a rough survey was conducted, which was about the problem of “Printer Friendly” in both the indigenous websites and the foreign websites. And then, the differences between the normal pages and the printer-friendly pages were analyzed. After concluding the converting rules from these two kinds of pages, a converting model was set up and implemented. The case studies and current limitations are also discussed at the end of this paper.
Key words:websites; usability;usability engineering;printer friendly

摘要：可达性是互联网必须面对的主要挑战之一。本文作者采用 Bobby 作为主要的测试工具，选取了十类典型网站，在线评测了国内外近 200 个网站的主页，进行了可达性的比较性研究，以了解中国网站可达性的现状，并提出了如何提高中国网站可达性的建议。
关键词: 网站; 可达性; 可达性研究; 比较性研究
Abstract: This thesis addresses the results of a research on the comparison of the accessibility between the internal and external websites. 200 internal and external websites which belong to 10 categories were evaluated by Booby. Based on the comparison, we summarized the existing circumstances of Chinese web accessibility, and also give some recommendations on how to improve Chinese web accessibility.
Key words: Website; Accessibility; Accessibility Study; Comparison Study

摘要：跨国公司越来越注重自己的中文网站的建设。然而在进行中文网站的设计时必须要有一些切实可行的方法应用于对全球网站本地化过程的指导。根据我们最近对一些跨国公司的中文网站所开展的可用性研究工作，本文探索了边做边说方法在网站评估中的应用过程，列举了一些网站的页面设计中所存在的问题，并对这种方法的优点和不足进行了总结。
关键词: 可用性;边做边说方法;中文网站;本地化

摘要: 本文首先介绍了自动取款机 ATM 用户界面可用性研究的主要方法及优缺点。在借鉴这些方法的长处与不足后，我们设计开发出一种基于ATM模拟器的可用性研究辅助工具。该工具可以帮助开发人员和可用性人员方便快捷地进行ATM界面原型设计、可用性评估及修改。我们使用该工具对某ATM产品进行了案例研究，结果表明，该工具起到了较好地辅助可用性研究的作用。
关键词: ATM;用户界面;可用性;工具;原型设计;用户测试

摘要：主要介绍了数据挖掘技术和可用性工程的一些概念和方法，解释了可用性中应用数据挖掘的必要性，探讨了如何能够使数据挖掘在可用性工程中得到更好地应用，以发现更多的可用性问题，最后列举了数据挖掘在可用性的几个方面的应用并对数据挖掘在可用性中的应用前景做出了展望。
关键词：数据挖掘；可用性；可用性工程
Abstract:Usability Engineering is one of the developing subjects in China at present; it has a suit of his own mature methods and standards. When we have to work with large volumes of data, data mining will be helpful as an assist means to solve the problem for usability. This paper mainly introduce the technology of data mining and some basic theories and methods of usability engineering, address how to use data mining technology in usability engineering effectively to find more usability problems. Finally, we explain the application fields of Data mining in usability, and also anticipate the application expectations of Data mining to usability fields.
Key words: data mining; usability; usability engineering

摘要：作者采用可用性工程中的用户访谈和边做边说用户测试法对某交互语音应答系统进行了可用性分析，并且在研究了交互语音应答系统发展现状的基础上，结合可用性工程原理和方法，设计开发了一个辅助工具 IVRUAT（Interactive Voice Response UsabilityAnalysis Tool）。它能够模拟交互语音应答系统并且可以捕获、分析测试用户的行为，用来帮助可用性人员对交互语音应答系统进行设计和评估。通过试验性应用案例研究证明，该工具对交互语音应答系统的可用性研究具有很好的帮助作用。
关键词: 可用性; 交互语音应答
Abstract:Interactive Voice Response system (IVR) is a kind of self-service provided by companies. It enables users to accomplish some services through interaction between users and recorded auditory prompt. More and more, IVR offered by call center has played an important role in our daily life. But sometimes people might face with difficulties and confusion when interacting with IVR. Especially when they confronted failure, they would not like to use the system again. This phenomenon occurred because manufacturers never think about whether system is easily to be used by users. In other words, they had not employed any usability research before system was put into operation. Actually high-quality usability IVR can reduce manual errors and cut off cost of support and maintenance. Meanwhile it can improve production effectiveness and user satisfaction. After we compare many IVR systems that have been applied, we select tele-banking system as a representative research object for it has rather extensive customers. Through interviewing, we acquire backgrounds of each tele-banking system and consult all operations which may occurred in the tele-banking system. But these data are rarely able to explore the detailed problems that users run into when actually interacting with the system. Therefore, we adopted think-aloud to get further details about these problems. By employing a think-aloud user testing, we also found out lots of usability problems that should be paid attention to and need to be solved in the next design cycle. But this method makes users feel uneasy and affect statistic results of some usability benchmarks. Finally, an aided usability tool that can stimulate IVR system and analyze usability problems by capturing user behavior data is proposed to help analysts to easily find usability problems in IVR system. In terms of some case study, it proved that it really help analyzers to discover where users may make mistakes and redesign system effectively. However, these problems are very hard to find through traditional methods. We conducted usability research for IVR system through three approaches. In conclusion, the first two approaches are able to find certain usability problems at some degree. Specially, aided tool can effectively discover usability problems in a more agile environment and directly visualize them to help redesign the system.
Key words: Interactive Voice Response; usability

摘要：信息可视化技术主要应用于没有几何属性的抽象信息，揭示信息之间的关系和信息中隐藏的特征，从而便于用户理解庞大的多维数据以及它们相互之间的关系。通过这些可视化技术可视化出来的图形能否很好的为用户服务，是否跟用户得期望一致，目前对这方面的研究还比较少。针对这一情况，本文主要结合可用性方面的知识，介绍了评估信息可视化技术的一些准则，并对目前常用的可视化技术进行了案例研究。
关键词: 信息可视化技术; 评估准则; 可用性
Abstract:Abstract: Information visualization is the presentation of abstract data in a graphic form so that the user may use his visual perception to evaluate and analyze the data. Information visualization techniques are usually interactive and thus provided as part of a graphical user interface. Each application requires a particular study in order to determine if a selected technique is useful and usable. In this particular study, we may combine some usability knowledge to do some research. The concept of “usability” is formally defined by the International Standards Organization(ISO) as “the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which a certain user may achieve a specific objective in a particular environment. ” Nevertheless, few works have specifically addressed the evaluation of such techniques. This work reports some evaluating criteria for information visualization techniques. During the research, foreign researchers find the usability of visual representation, the usability of interaction mechanisms and data usability three main categories of possible usability problems among these techniques. Visual representation criteria includes the completeness of data、spatial organization、codification of information and state transition. Interaction mechanism criteria includes orientation and help、navigation and querying and data set and reduction. Data usability includes data reliability、minimal impact on data changing and support decision-making There are lots of websites in the Internet, but there are many web pages not convenient for users to browse. In order to improve the design of a website, some information visualization techniques are used to help web designers to administrate the website. At present, there are many different methods to show the topology of a web site, such as cross- reticulation, disk tree, hyperbolic tree, cone-tree and so on. Now, we choose disk tree and hyperbolic tree to analyze. Several persons with usability knowledge evaluate those two techniques using evaluation guidelines above. These two visualization techniques visualize the web site of Dalian Maritime university network center. The result is hyperbolic tree is better than disk tree. Disk tree is a static method of visualization. It shows the view to users, but users cannot interact with the view and get little information. This method cannot find usability problems effectively. However, hyperbolic tree is another method of visualization. It is convenient for users to interact with the view and can find usability problems effectively. From the comparison above, we can see that hyperbolic tree is better. It can find usability problems more effectively than disk tree. We will do more research to complete these guidelines and study how to evaluate information visualization techniques completely.
Key words: information visualization techniques; evaluation guidelines; usability

摘要：本文讨论了一种模拟视线跟踪的方法，意在探讨如何运用计算机软件技术模拟 价格昂贵的视线跟踪仪,从而开发出可以进行热点研究的软件视线跟踪仪，以帮助可用 性人员，心理研究人员展开研究。
关键词：视线跟踪；可用性工程；鼠标模拟
Abstract: With the development of computer technology, usability as a subject relating to computer science, physics, psychology, ergonomic, industrial design gets more and more attention. Nowadays, web usability has become a hot area in reaching usability, for web is rather different from the other products. The users can not experience the usability of the other products before buy it but the users have experienced the web usability before pay any money. So it is very important to improve the web usability. In order to improve the web usability the experts have put forward so many methods and technologies about usability and theses methods and technologies have applied in the real situation. All of these methods focus on user-centered, so how to capture and analyze the user data is a necessary part of the research web usability. The eye tracker is the most important tool for researching user eye tracking. On the other hand researching user eye tracking is one of the most important steps for researching web usability. But nowadays eye tracker is too expensive with immature technology. How to help more users to apply the eye tracking technology to research web usability? The author observes that the users like to read the text especially the important contents following the move of the mouse. At the same the author also find that the users like to click the interesting area. According to the finding the author means to simulate eye tracker with mouse. The following days the author implements the simulating eye tracker through developing software. The thought was validated by application in the real situation. Certainly this technology can be applied into not only web usability but all the software usability as long as the input device is mouse. This paper discusses the method about how to simulate eye tracker with mouse, in order to develop a kind of software for simulating the eye tracker. As a way of research, the eye tracking make the conception of the user interface be in accord with psychological model through analyzing the user line of sight. Simulating eye tracker can be applied in a certain area for it is a special way of software technology to finish the user line of sight collecting. For example, during the research on information architecture, it can be help to research on whether selecting menu is sequential or random. Thus we can know how to organize the sequence of menu can improve the efficiency of menu. It is also helpful to find different level user’s reading habits when they are reading the electronic text and how these habits affect their result reading comprehension. A research on whether the situation of advertisement on the web site play the decisive role for the effect of advertisement, or where is the most interesting area on the webpage can be conducted with the help of simulating eye tracker. The purpose of this paper is to introduce one kind of methods about simulating eye tracker, which can help usability engineer and psychologist do a certain research soon. There are really defects about simulating eye tracker. So in order to get more accurate data, we have to instruct the user to read in according to motion of the mouse. On the other hand the current tool can not capture the time of the user stay on the webpage, the length of the point to point etc. but all the other data can be gotten through real eye tracker. Last but not least all the data collected by the tool can not be analyzed automatically. We will finish it in the future and make it more helpful to collect user behavior data for the research usability.
Key words: E ye tracking; Usability engineering; mouse simulating

摘要：中国的电子商务进入了新一轮的发展期，C2C 电子商务和网上拍卖正在成为各大网站的投资热点。本项研究主要使用了可用性工程中的问卷调查和用户测试的方法，对目前在中国最具活力的两个 C2C 电子商务网站淘宝和 Ebay 易趣进行了研究，来分析影响用户在中国的 C2C 电子商务网站上第一次购买体验活动的原因，包括用户在网上购买商品的心理顾虑调查以及在访问网站和购买商品过程中的行为分析两个方面，从而帮助网站改进设计，以争取更多的潜在用户。研究结果表明，目前中国的 C2C 电子商务网站的确存在诸多的可用性问题。
关键词: 电子商务;网站可用性;用户问卷调查;用户测试
Abstract: As amazon and ebay came into domestic market, the development of e-commerce in China is facing a new challenge and stepping into another developmental cycle. Since the number of domestic websites has boomed up these years, the total trade amount in 2004 hasreached 440 billion yuan, and maintains an annual growth rate of 50 per cent. It is predicted that the trade amount will rapidly hit 620 billion in 2005. It shows that the development of websites in China has a promising outlook. However, there are still so many severe usability problems existing in the e-commercial website in China. For example, users could not easily search for merchandise which they want to purchase because they are confused by the website interface which is offered by the designers. All these problems can be discovered and solved by adopting the approaches of the usability engineering. Fortunately, at present manyresearches on this issue have been examined in other countries and also achieved considerable success. However, the research on this topic in China is only in an initial stage. Some approaches of the usability engineering can help us find and solve these problems.We conducted the study by applying the methods of questionnaire and user testing. We conducted remote questionnaire with 10 users that individually lived in Guangzhou, Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai through on-line chatting tool. At the same time, a usability test with 6 students of initial on-line shopping experiences in Dalian was examined to survey of searching the favorite merchandise, registering on-line and payment on-line. We analyzed the reasons for affecting the initial experiences of on-line shopping, including the mental survey of refusing on-line shopping and the behavior in the process of visiting website and making on-line shopping. However our research is just a kind of tentative study. Basically we can draw two conclusions. Firstly, now there are so many usability problems existing in e-commercial website in China. It is the biggest barrier to prevent users finishing purchase activities.Meanwhile, it is one of the reasons why the website lost so many potential customers. Secondly, we can find some usability problems through the usability research on e-commercial website. In addition, this study make full preparation for the further research on website classification, website navigation and searching mechanism.
Key words: e-commerce; website usability; user questionnaire; user testing

摘要：在地下商场，人们无法准确的给自己定位和辨别方向。针对这一问题，采用了现声用户访谈等可用性研究方法，分析了地下空间导引标识系统的使用中存在的可用性问题。从对测试用户的反馈意见的分析，对标识系统的可用性问题提出了相应的改进方案，以使地下空间导引标识系统的有效性和效率得到改进，并让使用者的满意度得到提高。
关键词: 地下空间；导引标识系统；可用性

摘要：讨论了一种界面需求分析的方法,意在探讨如何完成针对系统所有用户的界面需求定义,从而开发为用户所接受的界面,以帮助设计人员快速明确用户的界面需求,让用户充分参与到界面需求分析中,从而在最终界面需求说明中体现用户的思想,满足用户要求. 最后给出了设计优秀用户界面的一些常见的原则.
关键词：用户界面;设计原则;需求分析;可用性工程;界面设计
Abstract : This paper discusses the method about user interface’s requirement analysis , in order to design a satisfied user interface according to requirement and help the designer define the user requirement . The purpose of this paper is to introduce one kind of methods about requirement analysis , which can make the user participate in the design and analysis. Using this kind of methods the user’s idea will be expressed by the final product and let the user satisfied. Finally , some good design principles for user interface are given.
Key words :user interface ;design principle ;requirement analysis usability engineering ;design for user interface

摘要：大多数的网站体积庞大、结构复杂，因此要考察与网站相关的问题比较有效的方法是进行网站信息可视化。而可视化的一个关键问题就是如何对网站拓扑结构等一些基础数据进行提取和表示。该文提出了一种网站拓扑构及基本信息的提取方法。其中包括提取过程中一些复杂问题的解决方案、关键技术以及数据的表示和存储结构等。介绍了基于这种方所开发的一个网站拓扑结构自动提取工具，以及利用该工具所进行的应用试验。
关键词：网站；拓扑结构；数据提取；十字链表
Abstract : Most websites are voluminous and have the complex structures. So the effective way to review the questions associate with it is to make the information of website visualized. The key factor of visualization is how to extract and denote the information of the Web topology structure. This paper presents an approach to extract the Web topology and related information, which includes the solution of some complicated problem, the application of some key technologies, the denotation and storage of data. Based on the approach, the paper develops a tool to support Web topology extraction and carries out an experiment of Web topology extraction using this tool.
Key words :Website; Topology structure; Data extraction; Cross-linked list

摘要：万维网已经成为人们获取信息的一个重要途径，但是视障用户在使用读屏软件上网时会遇到很多障碍。我们采用可用性工程的方法，对视障用户通过读屏软件上网体验进行研究。研究表明用户使用读屏软件上网存在的信息障碍，同时研究也发现了视障用户在上网的过程中用户的认知习惯，在此基础上我们提出了改进读屏软件设计的建议。
关键词：信息无障碍；视障用户；可用性；可用性工程；读屏软件
Abstract : There are more than 500,000,000 impaired people in the world now. They are the potential and also important users for the internet, so web accessibility is significant. Among the impaired, visual impaired users meet most barriers of surfing on line, so it is necessary and significant to study the methods to solve the barriers which are met by the visual impaired users when they browse the internet. The paper introduced the recent research of our center on this aspect. Based on the knowledge of the existing circumstances of Chinese web accessibility, we carried on the researching on visual impaired users’ experience of accessing the internet according to usability methods in order to learn and to improve the current circumstance of visual impaired users accessing to the internet. Screen readers are the necessary tool for the visual impaired users to browse the internet. So the designs of the Screen Reader directly affect the visual impaired users’ experience of accessing the internet. In China, the study of Screen readers has been carried out by several organizations, and several Screen readers have been designed and produced. In the research, we chose Yongde Screen Reader as the tool which is popular and preferred by many impaired users. 12 impaired users who had familiar with computers were chosen as the participants. Chinese Mangren Web (www.mangren.com) and Guangming Web (www.gmw.cn) were chosen to reduce other disturbing factors in the test because the two webs were more accessibility compared to other webs among the congener webs in China. We used usability methods to evaluate the process of accessing the internet. The whole test was carried in the usability lab. In order to test the integral visual impaired users’ experience of accessing the internet, we designed several testing scenarios and tasks. And considered the particularity, we reduced the tasks as few as possible. The test included 5 tasks all together. In order to learn user experience, we recorded the qualitative data including users and dealt with and analyzed those data after the test. Through the research, we summarized the visual impaired users’ cognize habits of accessing the internet: they often changed the tune and speed of the screen reader; usually focus on several webs and seldom browse other webs; like use favorites; often skin the contents, etc. During the research, we also found some usability problems of the screen reader, such as not providing the types of the webpage items, not reading the pop-up message boxes information automatically, etc. In conclusion, Screen readers have usability problems now. If these problems can be solved effectively, the web accessibility can be improved to some extent. Beside it, the research tentatively combined usability principle to the study of web accessibility, which is helpful to solve those problems and improve the designs of the assistant tools for impaired users. It provided a new way to improve the development of Chinese web accessibility. Based on the research results, we gave some advices on the design of the screen reader software.
Key words :Accessibility; Visual Impaired Users; Usability; Usability Methods; Screen Readers

摘要:文章介绍了Hofstede文化因素模型。对在此模型基础上交互设计研究领域的三个方面:基于文化因素模型的理论研究、基于文化因素模型的实验研究、基于文化因素模型的应用开发进行了综述。最后简述了其发展趋势。
关键词: Hofstede文化因素模型;跨文化;交互设计;可用性;人机交互

摘要：为提高网站可用性，许多网站可用性分析人员使用传统的可用性方法。但是传统的这些方法存在许多缺陷，如因为测试使用小样本的用户代表，造成测试得出的信息量的有限性；实验室环境与真实使用环境的不同造成的测试数据的不真实性等。为弥补这些研究方法的不足，本文作者尝试从网站日志中获取用户浏览行为，作者采用序列模式挖掘的方法从网站日志中提取用户访问网站的行为模式，通过对用户访问模式的分析，帮助可用性分析人员发现网站存在的可用性问题。这种方法能够避免传统可用性方法的缺点,但在实际应用中，由于日志文本的信息量十分庞大，可用性分析人员并非能够轻松找出所有用户访问网站的路径。因此，本文作者设计并实现了一个可以辅助分析人员发现网站可用性问题的工具，该工具应该具有良好的交互性能，令网站维护人员和可用性分析人员能够调整挖掘条件，进行有选择、有针对地挖掘。通过对工具开展的试验性应用案例研究，及通过专家评估和用户测试方法的验证，说明该工具可以辅助网站维护人员和可用性分析人员发现网站中存在的可用性问题并得到相应的解决方案，验证了工具的有效性和开发价值。
关键词：网站；可用性；数据挖掘；序列模式挖掘
Abstract: In order to improve web usability, many usability experts are using some traditional usability methods, such as experts evaluation, cognitive walkthrough, questionnaires, interview,focus group etc. However, these methods are not perfect, such as they use the small samples of user representatives, which make the results limited and restricted; and the different environment of the lab from the daily use one, which make the results unrealistic.Just to make up these shortcomings, the author did a tentative test to get user behavior from the web log. Data mining commonly uses methods of associated rules, statistical analysis, classification, clustering and alignment models. The author selected sequential patterns mining,which was firstly brought forward by Agrawal, and which is widely used in sequence processing,such as customer shopping habits analysis, web accessing model analysis, natural disaster prediction, disease treatment, etc. When users are accessing the Internet, their clicking with the time format would be marked in the web log. Therefore, user session could be regarded as a chronological record set. By sequential patterns mining, some valuable information in these sets could be used in the web usability analysis.While, in reality, it is not quite easy to get user-accessing patterns, due to the huge amount of records in the web log. Therefore, the author developed a tool, which could help the analysts to mine according to the mining conditions. And the tool should do the following functions: datum pretreatment, web structure picking-up, statistics, mining, web structure display.The author designed the following steps to mine: First, make sure what are the users’ frequent accessing modules. Second, analyze the frequent accessing routes in these modules. Third, by analyzing the frequent accessing routes, user-accessing patterns could be drawn out. Forth, analyze what could the users’b ehavior be which lead to the accessing patterns. Fifth, analyze what problems in the web could result in the users’ behavior. Sixth, conclude all the problems exist in the web. The author did some case studies to prove this method and this tool, selected one day web log from www.dlmu.edu.cn . Using this way, the author found some usability problems. And by the validation of experts evaluation and user interview, it is proved that some problems are overlapped,some are unique but helpful.
Keywords: Web usability; user accessing patterns; sequential patterns mining

摘要: 随着网络时代的迅猛发展，网站的建设越来越关注用户对网站信息构建的体验。可用性研究方法在网站的信息构建评估中发挥了不可替代的作用。本文介绍了信息构建的定义、信息构建的四大系统；信息构建与可用性的关系，并重点介绍了评估信息构建四大系统的可用性研究方法，最后通过列举一个实例说明可用性研究方法在网站信息构建评估中的应用。
关键词: 信息构建;网站信息构建;可用性;卡片分类;集簇分析
Abstract: As the development of the network, the construction of the website has more concerns about the users’ experience of the website’s information architecture. Usability methods in information architecture evaluation play an irreplaceable role. This paper introduces the information architecture definition, information architecture’s four systems, the relationship between information architecture and usability, and mainly introduces the usability methods in information architecture evaluation; finally it cites an example of usability methods in information architecture evaluation.
Key words: information architecture; websites information architecture usability; card-sorting; cluster analysis

摘要: 本文主要介绍了我们对招聘网站搜索系统进行的可用性研究。此次研究主要采用了可用性评估方法中的用户测试法，对在国内排名比较靠前的中华英才网和智联招聘网的搜索系统进行了 8 人的组内用户测试，目的是通过用户测试找出两大招聘网站搜索系统普遍存在的可用性问题及用户喜欢的搜索模式、用户使用招聘网站搜索系统的行为特点。本次测试发现两大招聘网站都存在着比较严重的可用性问题，并且发现用户的搜索习惯具有某种程度的一致性。最后根据测试结果，尝试性地给出了用于招聘网站搜索系统设计的一般指导性原则。
关键词: 搜索系统;用户体验;可用性;用户测试
Abstract: In this paper we mainly introduce the usability study on recruitment website search system. We conduct the usability methods to test the two big famous recruitment websites (including Zhonghua Zhilian) in order to find out the common usability problems of the twwebsites. At the same time we also want to understand the habits of the users’ behaviors when they are using the search system of the recruitment website, what sort of design the users’ like, what the users’ don’t like. We chose eight users to attend our test, and finally we found that the two recruitment websites research system both have serious usability problems, and when users are searching information though the search system, the users’ behaviors tend to the same. And then, we gave a set of corresponding usability guidelines according to the usability test.
Key words: research system; user experience; usability; usability testing

摘要: 中国的电子商务进入了新一轮的发展期。研究数据表明用户的第一次购买经历对他是否成为经常用户的影响非常大。如何吸引潜在用户来网站上购买商品，并且让他们对初次购物体验感到满意是网站应该考虑的问题。我们选取了 22 名在校大学生，通过用户测试的方法，来研究用户的初次网上购物体验，从中发现造成网站潜在用户流失的主要原因，从而为网站的改进提供思路和建议。通过测试我们发现，网上购物体验和现实中的购物体验的差别以及用户的操作结果与其预期的不相符造成了用户整个购物过程的不连续；用户在访问网站的不同阶段对网站的认知和网站实际所提供的功能之间的巨大差距给用户带来了理解和认知负担，让用户感觉并没有享受到网络购物的乐趣。这些都是造成网站用户流失的原因。
关键字：电子商务，网站可用性，用户体验，用户测试
Abstract: Chinese e-commerce has stepping into new development period. Quality of voice has been shown that at least 50% website visitors don’t buy anything before they leave the site, while,the user bought once have 50% rate to become the website’s loyalty user(once a month). So it is important to know how to attract potential users to purchase goods on the website, and give them good initial shopping experience.The study selected 22 University students, through user testing methods to research the users’ initial online shopping experience, which found the main reason for the loss of potential users in order to provide ideas and suggestions to redesign the website.According to the result we found there are some problems existing in e-commercial website, The difference between the online shopping experience and the reality of the shopping experience make users don’t joy in it; The operation result is often not accord with their expectation, and the main reasons of user’s leave is the gulf between the user’s cognizance and the function website provided in difference stages of their visit, and the website should improve on the aspects of specific shoppping guidance, convenient function and easy shopping process, the navigation and the search engine power of the website.
Key words: e-commerce; website usability; user expericnce; user testing

摘要: 中国经济的快速发展使得很多商业网站都进入中国。所有的企业都在关注如何建设符合中国人使用习惯的网站。选取了 22 名没有过网上购物经历的在校大学生，让他们在两个不同文化背景下设计出来的交互风格和界面风格迥异的 C2C 电子商务网站淘宝网和 Ebay 易趣上进行初次网上购物体验活动，并通过对他们在整个体验结束后对网站的可用性、信息质量、界面质量的满意度评价的分析来寻找影响中国用户网上购物体验的关键要素。通过研究我们发现，影响用户购物体验的主要因素在于网站是否提供了用户所需的功能，而网站可用性、信息质量对用户的购物体验也有一定的影响，而两个网站的界面设计风格的不同也造成了用户在购物过程中的不同程度的情感满足。
关键字：电子商务，本地化，用户体验，满意度问卷，用户测试
Abstract: The rapid development of economic as well as the internationalization has led many commercial websites into China, they are considering how to build their website which accord with the Chinese aesthetic and usage. As amazon and ebay came into domestic market, the development of e-commerce in China is facing a new challenge and stepping into another developmental cycle, which make E-commerce website localization have more attention. Related data show that the Poor initial shopping experience would cause 50% of the users wastage, and the current college students will most likely become future Internet shoppers. We therefore selected 22 college students which have never online shopping experience in Dalian as our participant, let them try their initial online shopping experience in two Chinese famous C2C e-commerce website Ebay’易趣’ and Taobao which have different interaction style and uer interface designed in different culture and social context, and after their whole experience let their fill out a satisfaction questionnaire to evaluate five aspects(website usability, information quality, interface quality and user’s expection) to found the key elements which impact user’s shopping experience to help website designers design their website according with user’s aesthetic needs and usage.We analyze the users’ data with SPSS statistical analysis software. Through the means, ANOVA and loglinear regression analysis we make the result: first, users of the two websites all make the poor judge on the attractiveness of the site and the tasks completed efficiently; the different website design styles lead to the different user evaluation on user interface. Second, the main factor which impact users shopping experience is whether the website provide the convenient function for user’s shopping, and website usability, information quality s have certain effects on shopping experience; Although user interface design style can not affect the user’s whole satisfaction, but the different website design styles also caused users varying degrees of emotional satisfaction in the shopping process.
Key words: e-commerce; localization; user expericnce; user testing

摘要: 可用性可以作为企业产品竞争力的衡量指标之一。国外的很多企业已经在如何提高产品可用性和用户体验方面开展了很多年的工作，并在自己的公司设立了专门的可用性部门。近几年随着中国企业的国际化进程的加快以及产品竞争从功能级向体验级的过渡，可用性工程在国内的发展也十分迅速，很多大型企业也将可用性工程引入到他们的产品开发流程中，但更多的中国企业面临着这样的矛盾：一方面他们认为可用性的确能够帮助他们提高产品的竞争力和用户体验；另一方面由于项目资金和时间紧张等原因，他们并不清楚如何在消耗最小的情况下来达到最佳的效果。因此如何选择一些适合中国企业现状的可用性工程方法来帮助企业进行产品的快速评估和改进对于可用性在企业中的普及和推广都至关重要。本文对一些目前在跨国企业的工程中比较常用的且所耗资源相对较低的可用性工程方法进行了一些简单的介绍，这些方法可以帮助企业的相关人员对用户以及用户所要完成的任务有一个更全面的把握，并且对用户和任务的把握以及一些可用性准则来帮助他们对产品进行快速的走查，希望这些可以帮助企业更好的将可用性工程引入到他们的产品评估过程中。
关键字：可用性工程，背景分析，Personas，任务分析，Scenario，经验性评估
Abstract:Usability engineering can help enterprises improve the competitiveness of their product. Many foreign enterprises have worked on the area of usability and user experience many years, and most of them have established their own UE department.. In recent years, as the process of internationalization of Chinese enterprises accelerate and the products competition transit from the functional level to the experience level, the development of usability in China is also very rapid, many large enterprises have introduced usability engineering to the processes of product development. However, More Chinese enterprises are facing such a dilemma : on the one hand, they believe usability can help them improve product competitiveness and user experience; On the other hand, because of project schedule and budget constraints and other reasons, they do not know how to achieve the best results by the smallest cost. So how to choose the usability engineering methods to help enterprises rapidly evaluate and improve their product is crucial for the popularization and promotion of usability in Chinese enterprises. This article introduced some common usability engineering methods which cost fewer resource, which can help enterprises know users and tasks more accurate. We hope that these can better help enterprises join usability engineering into their products evaluation process.
Key words:usability engineering; analyse context of use; personas; task analysis; scenario; expert

摘要: 随着互联网络的高速发展，网络广告也得到了较快的发展，然而在其投放过程中存在着很多可用形问题，造成了很差的用户体验。该文综合介绍了国外许多可用性专家对不同的网络广告进行的可用性研究以及提出的一些指导性意见，最后还介绍了笔者结合广告心理学和可用性工程研究方法，对新型的网络广告“窄告”进行的试验性研究，从中发现了“窄告”投放之后存在的可用性问题并提出了改进意见。
关键字：网络广告 可用性 广告心理学 用户测试
Abstract:With the fast development of the Web advertising(Web Ad), the representation form of it is becoming more and more as a result of the new technologys' use, but the internet users' attitude to it prefer negative. This paper generally introduces many foreign usability experts' researches on different Web Ad. At last it introduces an Experimental Study which combines the psychology of advertising and the methods of Usability Engineering to test the new-style Web Ad “Narrow Ad”, through the study we found some usability problems after the Ad threw in and also gave some advises.
Key words:Web Advertising; Usability; psychology of advertising; user test

摘要: 博客已经成为 Web 2.0 时代一项最广泛的应用。本文详细介绍了作者所做的博客用户访谈工作。首先，作者在广泛搜集博客相关资料的基础上设计了比较详细的访谈脚本，以此为核心，组织实施了一系列的访谈，最后对访谈结果进行了分析总结，得出了一些结论来指导后继的研究工作。
关键字：博客; 播客;可用性;用户行为研究;用户访谈
Abstract: Blog has become the widest application during the Web 2.0 age. In this paper, the work of User Interview of Blog Service System (BSS) carried by us is detailedly described. At first, we designed a very particular interview script according to the data we widely collected. Then we carried a series of interviews by using this script as the central guidance. At last we analyzed the results of the interviews and drew some conclusions to instruct our successive research work.
Key words:Blog, Podcasting, Usability, User Behavior Research, User Interview

摘要:可用性/可玩性是决定一个游戏产品能否获得成功的重要因素。本文刊发了作者对目前国内几个具有代表性的网络游戏产品进行的可用性/可玩性评估报告。他们对这些产品运用“可用性专家评估方法”分别进行了评估，从中发现了许多具有典型意义的可用性/可玩性问题，这些问题主要阻碍了新手玩家对游戏的接受，影响了新手玩家的游戏体验。本文将逐一介绍和分析在测试过程中发现的主要问题并提出可能的改进建议，最后更是指出“以用户为中心的设计开发方法”是提高游戏产品可用性/可玩性最有效的途径。
关键词：可用性；可玩性；游戏产品；可用性评估

摘要:这篇文章主要介绍了作者对 WAP 网站进行的可用性研究。为了了解目前国内 WAP 网站的可用性现状，找出 WAP 网站中普遍存在的可用性问题、问题严重程度及原因，我们运用可用性测试的方法对“移动梦网”和“3G 门户”两个 WAP 网站进行了可用性研究，结果表明，这两个网站在网站导航、布局、信息分类、内容相关性、措辞等方面均存在一定程度的可用性问题。文中首先介绍了研究的方法及过程。然后对可用性测试的结果进行了分析，总结了网站中普遍存在的可用性问题及问题原因；同时通过对用户测试过程中两个网站的绩效数据和用户满意度的统计进行了对比分析；最后根据这些可用性问题及用户评价，给出了一套相应的可用性指导原则。
关键词：可用性; WAP ;用户体验;可用性测试
Abstract: This paper mainly introduces the usability study of the wap sites. In order to know the current usability status of the domestic wap sites , and to find out the common usability problems of the wap sites, the severity and the reasons of these problems, we conducted a usability study of the two wap sites(monternet, 3G)using usability testing method. The results indicate that the two wap sites both have some usability problems in the site navigation, layout, information classification, content relevance and expression of information. In this paper, we firstly introduce the study method and the study process. Then, according to the results of the usability test, we do some related analyses, summarize the common usability problems existed in the wap sites and the reasons of these problems. Meanwhile, we give some comparative analyses through the statistics of the performance data and the user satisfaction of the two wap sites in the user testing. Finally, we give a set of corresponding usability guidelines according to these usability problems and users’s uggestions.
Key word: usability; wap; user experience; usability testing

摘要:可用性工程HCI的一个分支，它在交互式IT产品/系统的设计开发中发挥了重要的作用。近些年，可用性思想正向游戏开发领域拓展，它为设计出易学、易用和具有较好用户体验的游戏产品提供了坚实的理论和实践基础。本文从人机交互和可用性概念出发，介绍了游戏可用性、游戏可用性的研究要素、游戏可用性工程方法和诺基亚公司提出的游戏可用性实施过程。可用性原理和方法在游戏设计和开发中的应用为创造高质量的游戏产品提供了必要的技术保障。
关键词：游戏；可用性；游戏可用性
Abstract: Usability Engineering is a branch of HCI , which is playing a very important role in the design and the development for IT products systems. Usability theories are introduced into game development field in recent years. It provides a stable theory and practice foundation for designing an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use and fine-user-experience game products. This paper introduces game usability, important factors in game usability research, some usability engineering methods and the game usability implementation steps introduced by Nokia Corporation based on HCI and usability concepts. The application of these usability principals and methods in game design and development provide necessary technical guarantee for creating high-quality game products.
Key words: Game;Usability;Game usability

摘要:在网络信息技术不断渗入人们生活的今天，基于社会公平角度考虑的网络可达性（Web Accessibility）问题成为了国际研究热点。本文对现今网络可达性的研究状况进行了概述，主要阐述了网络可达性的法规和技术规范、网络可达性的辅助技术、网站内容可达性技术及网络可达性的评估四方面内容。
关键词：可达性；网络可达性；信息无障碍；辅助技术；可达性评估
Abstract: With the rapid development of information technology, the mode of people’s communication has occurred the deep transformation. In such a big background, the web accessibility which is considered based on the social angle of justice becomes the focus to study in the international society .In this article, we summarize the international status in quo of web accessibility nowadays, based on the searching and reading of massive literature materials. We mainly elaborated laws and regulations of web accessibility, assistive technology, web content accessibility , and web accessibility evaluation.
Keywords: Accessibility; Web Accessibility; Assistive Technologies; Accessibility Evaluation

摘要:通过学生用户试用在两个不同文化背景下设计出来的C2C 电子商务网站———淘宝网和Ebay 易趣,并进行初次网上购物体验活动,以及对测试后满意度问卷的分析,结果显示:在用户决定购买的过程中,网站概念/功能的传递和表达对用户的影响最大,它们会影响到用户的初次购买决定;而流程的跳转以及交互行为的不平衡会对用户的购买过程造成影响;对用户初次购物总体评价影响最大的是功能满足。两个网站的系统可用性与界面设计不能决定用户的总体评价,但却会影响到用户对网站的感觉。因此,创建一个对用户有用、好用和想用的购物网站就必须要满足功能、交互以及冲击三个层次的要求。
关键词：电子商务网站;用户体验;用户测试;满意度问卷
Abstract: In this research, college students did their first try of online shopping experience on two Chinese C2C e-commerce websites - Taobao and Ebay (China), which are designed under two different culture. By analysis of their experience process and satisfaction questionnaire , the results show that during user’s purchase decision process , the transfer and expression of function/concept provided by website play a decisive role , which will influence user’s first time purchase decision. Interruption of the shopping flow in shopping flow and unbalance of interaction behavior will have certain effect to the purchase process. And the main factor which impacts user’s total experience is whether the website provides the necessary function for shopping. Both websites have their own advantages in either interaction or interface , although they do not effect the users’total shopping experience , but they do effect the user’s shopping feeling. The website should give user satisfaction of function level, interaction level and impact level ,if it want to be usable , useful and desired.
Key words: e-commerce web; user experience; user testing; satisfaction questionnaire

摘要:电子节目指南作为数字电视的一项非常重要和有用的功能，对它的可用性改进在很大程度上会改变人们对于数字电视的整体体验。我们在大连地区选取了１５名用户，对本地区的一款机顶盒中的电子节目指南进行了可用性用户测试，通过新手用户和有机顶盒使用经验用户之间操作上出错情况的对比，发现了此节目指南中存在的可用性问题，并给出了改进的建议。
关键字：电子节目指南，EPG，可用性，数字电视，显著性差异，独立样本Ｔ检验
Abstract: As one of the most important and useful functions of Digital TV (DTV), the improved usability of Electronic Programme Guide (EPG) can enhance the total experience of DTV to some extent. In Dalian we selected 15 users and compared significant difference in error between fresh users and experienced users of Set-Top-Box by field usability testing. We find out the reasons that cause the difference and meanwhile we discover the usability problems in the EPG. Last we give the suggestions on improvement.
Key words: Electronic Programme Guide, EPG, usability, digital television, significant difference, Independent Sample T Test

摘要:在中国，网络游戏成为了互联网上一项不可或缺的服务内容，其中大型多人在线角色扮演类游戏（MMORPG）是目前网络游戏市场上占据主力地位的产品类型。在游戏界，人们一直在致力于开发更好的游戏产品，但是这些工作往往都陷入技术的误区，产品不是围绕人来设计，这使得游戏出现了诸多影响玩家游戏体验的问题。本文通过使用 UCD(以用户为中心的设计)方法来研究国内 MMORPG 产品的用户体验问题。首先，我们用文案法和访谈法来调查玩家和MMORPG 的背景信息，确定用户体验研究的问题域，然后选取若干具有代表性的游戏产品并使用启发式评估法和可用性测试法来进行更深入的实验室研究，启发式评估主要用于问题发现，可用性测试除了发现用户体验问题外，它还可以得到用户的行为数据。通过对研究过程中所得数据（定性、定量）的整理和分析，我们对 MMORPG 用户体验现状有了一定的了解，并根据该现状提出了相应的设计指南。
关键词：MMORPG；用户体验；UCD; 游戏
Abstract: In China, online games have become an indispensable Internet services, and massively multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPG) occupy the position of the main types of products in online game market presently. The game industry has always been committed to develop better games. But these efforts are often caught in the wrong direction. The products are not designed in a people centric way, which leads a lot of negative impact on player experience. In this paper, we describe a user centered design (UCD) approach adopted in studying the user experience issues in MMORPG in China. Firstly, We used the Document investigation and Interviews methods to investigate the background information of MMORPG and its gamers, then select number of representative games to do heuristic evaluation and usability testing as laboratory studies. Heuristic evaluation focus on finding problems, in addition to usability testing found users experience problems, it can be user behavior data. Through the collation and analysis of the gained data (both qualitative and quantitative), we summed up MMORPG user experience status and the corresponding design guidelines.
Key words: MMORPG, User Experience, UCD, Game

摘要: ERP 系统的发展和完善，逐步改变着企业的组织结构和业务流程。一方面，ERP 系 统成功实施可以给企业带来很大的利益；另一方面，也给企业带来了失败的教训。本文主要对ERP 系统实施过程中影响用户体验的因素进行了分析，把 ERP 系统的用户体验分为两个层面：个人用户体验和组织用户体验。希望从中探索 ERP 系统的用户体验的影响因素。个人用户体验主要是指在引入和使用 ERP 系统的过程中，个人职位和权力的变化带来的心理感受、对新技术的恐惧和适应程度以及相关的培训质量的好坏带来的主观感受。企业或组织是 ERP 系统一个特殊的用户，在实施过程中企业组织结构的变化、企业管理观念和企业文化的变化以及各部门间关系的变化带来的组织用户体验也影响着 ERP 系统实施的成败。
关键词：用户体验；ERP 系统用户体验；个人用户体验；组织用户体验
Abstract: The development of ERP system is making the change of the enterprise organization structure and the business workflow step by step. On the one hand, the success of ERP system can bring the huge benefit for the enterprise; On the other hand, the ERP system also brought the deep lesson for the company. This paper mainly analyzes the factors of the implementation of ERP system, and divides the ERP system user experience into two parts: the individual experience and the organizational experience. We want to explore the influential factors of the ERP system user experience. During the process of selection and implementation, the feeling which was brought by the change of personal position and power, the fear and the adaption to the new technique, and the feeling which the pertinent training quality, were included in the individual experience. The enterprise or the organization is a particular user of the ERP system. So during the implementation, the changes of the organizational structure, the management mode, the enterprise culture, and the inter-department relationship, could also effect the successful implementation of the ERP system.
Key words: user experience, ERP system user experience, individual experience, organizational experience

摘要:C2C 电子商务网站在中国发展迅速。如何创建适合中国用户使用的 C2C 电子商务网站成为了大家都关心和讨论的话题。我们让 22 名学生在两个不同文化背景下设计出来的 C2C 电子商务网站淘宝网和 Ebay 易趣上进行初次网上购物体验活动，并通过对他们的体验过程以及测试后满意度问卷的分析得出：在用户决定购买的过程中网站概念/功能的传递和表达对用户的影响最大，它们会影响到用户的初次购买决定;而流程的跳转以及交互行为的不平衡会对用户的再次购买决定造成影响；对用户初次购物总体评价影响最大的是功能满足，两个网站在系统可用性与界面上各有长短，虽然它们并不能决定用户的总体评价，但却会影响到用户对网站的感觉。而创建一个对用户来说有用、好用、想用的购物网站就必须要满足功能层、交互层以及冲击层三方面的要求。
关键词：电子商务，本地化，用户体验，用户测试，满意度问卷
Abstract: Chinese online commerce develops rapidly. How to give user the good shopping experience in C2C e-commerce website is discussed. In this research, we selected 22 college students, and let them try their first online shopping experience on two Chinese C2C e-commerce websites-Ebay(China) and Taobao which are designed under two different cultures, through the analysis of their experience process and satisfaction questionnaire, we found that in user’s purchase decision process, the transfer and expression of function/ concept provided by website play a decisive role, shopping flow control have certain effect to the purchase implement process, and the main factor which impacts user total experience is whether the website provides the necessary function for shopping. Both websites have their own advantages in either interaction or interface, although they do not have effect to user’s total shopping experience, but they do effect to the user’s shopping feeling. And the website should give user function level, interaction level and impact level satisfaction if it want to be usable, useful and desired.
Keywords: E-commerce, localization, user experience, user testing, satisfaction questionnaire

摘要:由于移动产品主要在移动中使用，使用背景比较复杂，所以在开发移动产品时，采用传统的以用户为中心的设计方法获取用户需求数据会面临很大的困难。近几年在人机交互领域出现了一种新的研究方法——文化探针（Culture Probes），这种方法为用户设计一个辅助用户记录的材料包，把数据采集的主要工作转移给用户去做。本文介绍文化探针方法在一个移动产品的具体开发案例中的应用。文章首先介绍文化探针方法在研究案例中的实施过程，然后介绍数据分析方法，接下来介绍对文化探针方法的经验总结。
关键词：移动产品；文化探针；用户需求；UCD 方法；人机交互
Abstract: Mobile products are mainly used in moving situation, rather than the stable environments. The complex context of use makes it difficult to use general UCD method in the early design phases such as obtaining user requirement data, for general UCD method is developed for general human-computer interaction. Recently, a new method named Culture Probes arised in HCI field. Culture Probes are specifically designed material packages given to the potential users to document their private lives, contexts and experiences. This paper describes a case study of applying culture probes in the design process of mobile products.
Key words: mobile product; culture probes; user requirements; UCD method; HCI

摘要:这篇文章主要介绍了作者对国内移动增值服务进行的用户行为习惯及需求研究。为了了解目前国内移动服务的可用性现状，我们采用问卷调查的方法进行研究，通过问卷调查，了解了目前用户对移动服务的认知、使用情况，用户满意度及需求，找出了影响移动用户体验的因素, 通过对结果数据进行统计分析，找出了各个变量之间存在的相关性等关系，并总结出了影响移动服务用户接受度的模型。
关键词：可用性; 移动增值服务; 用户体验; 问卷调查
Abstract: This article is a study about the user’s behavior customs and requirements on mobile value-added Service in domestic. In order to understand current situation about domestic ‘s mobile value-added service, we conduct a questionnaire survey, by the survey, we get known the cognition , the usage, the user satisfaction and requirements; we found the factors affecting user experience. we get found the correlation of factors by statistical analysis of the data; and summed up the UserA cceptance Model of MVAS(Mobile Value-Added Service).
Key words： usability, mobile value-added service, user experience, questionnaire survey

摘要:互联网已经成为人们参与社会程度的主要标志。在社会进入老龄化的今天，互联网的使用也直接影响着老年人的生活。在本文中，我们对使用互联网的老年人进行了网上问卷调查，了解他们互联网的使用情况、用户体验现状等。发现使用互联网的老年人年龄大致在 60-70 之间，学历较高，退休前基本从事教师、职员等工作，对互联网功能的需求不是很多，上网经常做的事情就是收发邮件和浏览新闻，最大的担忧是害怕电脑出现故障。我们又进一步分析得出影响老年人使用互联网的主要因素，并创建了互联网老年用户的典型人物角色模型，以指导适合老年人的互联网应用的开发。
关键词：老年人，互联网，问卷，人物角色
Abstract：With the information technology rapid development, Using Internet is becoming a 451 symbol of individual participation in social activities. In the aging society of China, Internet is inevitably influencing the elderly living. This paper surveys the elderly online, focusing on their actuality of using Internet and their experiences. By having read lots of internal and overseas papers, we made an interview script to interview the elderly in order to obtain their basic information, the use and requirements of IT products, the approach of searching information, their requirements of Internet and user experience and so on, at the same time the results would provide a basis to the questionnaire. We chose five places in order to interview diversity elders, including school families districts, various levels of consumption areas and the parks and so on.We collected 24 interviewees’datas and obtained the Internet older users’ basic characters and their requirements. Also we gained users’ truthful information. However, 24 users could be restricted and could not delegate all the Internet older users, and also we could not set up the personas. So we adopted another method called questionnaire online to going on collecting datas. We designed the questionnaire based on the interview datas which we have collected before. And it was composed of three parts, the first part was about elders’ basic characters and their use of IT products, the second part was about the survey of the Internet older users’ experience, the last part was about the survey of the Internet older users’ satisfaction.We surveyed online by Email and Instant chat tools. We took back 42 questionnaires online and analysed them by SPSS, and the results showed that Internet elderly users’ age were between 60 and 70 years old with higher educational qualifications. Most of them were teachers, office-bearers and so on before retirement. They did not require much about Internet, and most common things they did were sending and receiving Email and browsing news. They worried about computers’ failures. We also gained that the main influence factors of their using Internet were expense, UI design and their health. Based on the interview and questionnaire results, we established the Internet elderly users’ behavioral variables, including their eyesight, auditions, habitations, living manners, requirements of Internet, user experiences of Internet and so on. Then according to these behavioral variables, we marked important behavioral patterns, summarized their characters and living goals, and we established the final persona. The persona includs three parts, the first part is the Internet elderly users’ basic characters, such as their ages, education degree, jobs, lifestyles and incomes; the second part is this kind persons’ life goal and daily activities. The third part is their user experience of using Internet, both happy and worried. Using the persona, we want to guide the development of the Internet which fit for the elderly.
Key words: Elder, Internet, questionnaire, persona.

摘要:本文介绍了作者开展的农民工使用典型数字产品——手机的可用性研究过程和研究结果。结果显示，农民工群体在使用手机等数字产品时有着显著的用户特征和独特的用户需求。在农民工群体中，手机占有率较高，但是在手机的使用过程中却存在诸多的可用性问题。在使用手机时遇到的可用性问题主要有两类：一类是用户无法找到正确的功能选项；另一类是用户不知道如何使用手机的快捷功能项。农民工用户对被测试的手机功能项的真实作用和功能的组织结构的认知准确性很低。根据研究的结果可以得出农民工用户的用户特征、需求和认知习惯在手机产品设计开发过程中并没有被充分地考虑，这给农民工用户使用手机产品造成了巨大的影响。
关键词：可用性；可用性测试；数字鸿沟；弱势群体
Abstract：Digital divide is one of the great challenges the human society faces, along with the world’s informationization process. The study on bridging digital divide is significant to the human being. In this thesis it mainly describes the usability study on off-farm workers’ using digital products. Off-farm workers are the typical vulnerable group in the digital divide. In the study a series of usability methods are used to obtain the usability issues on the off-farm workers’ using typical mobile phone. As the result of the study shown, the workflow of the system is not consistent with the mental model and the habits of off-farm workers. The cognitive capability and mental model of off-farm workers are far from fully taken into consideration in the development. The mistakes they made could be divided into two categories: (1) The user could not identify correctly the features by their name for the task; (2) The user could not recognize and use the built-in short-cuts to complete the task. The results of the research demonstrate that using user-centered design approach in digital product development can effectively eliminate some serious usability problems that off-farm workers suffer from.
Key words：usability；user testing；digital divide；vulnerable group

摘要:随着“三农”工作的不断开展，农村金融已经受到越来越多的重视，新型农村银行业金融机构陆续进入农村市场。本文介绍作者对农民工群体和农村居民理财行为和文化的探索性研究，招募 42 名在大连打工的农民工进行访谈，18 名农村居民进行焦点小组讨论。收集了农民理财行为、对金融机构的态度、交易媒介的占有和使用、自助服务设备的使用和态度等几方面信息，为后期深入研究的开展提供了数据基础。
关键字：农民工；农村居民；理财行为；焦点小组；访谈
Abstract: With the development of "three agriculture" work, rural finance is receiving more and more attention. New banking financial institutions have entered the rural financial market. This paper introduces an explorative study on money management and banking culture of farmers. 42 off-farmer workers in Dalian were recruited to take part in interviews and 18 rural residents are selected to take part in focus groups. We summarize the methods of how they managed money, the attitudes towards financial institutions, the possession and use of mediums of exchange, the adoption and attitudes of self-service equipment. The data gives us a focus for the in-depth study next phase.
Key words: off-farm worker; farmer; focus group; interview

摘要:本论文主要讲述了大众对数字电视的整体看法和接受程度，以及影响用户接受数字电视的因素，并确定可用性在大众接受数字电视过程中的影响程度，从而引出研究数字电视可用性的意义。由于数字电视是家庭环境中的娱乐休闲设施，与一般办公室环境下产品的可用性评估有所区别，因此，论文中还提出了适合数字电视可用性评估的方法。
关键词：数字电视；可用性；情感化评估
Abstract: As digital technology becomes gradually mature, its application field continues expanding, almost involving all kinds of equipments and apparatus. Digital television (DTV) is the necessity of life and an important information receiving terminal, then its digitization is inevitable and should be popularized more quickly and extensively. Since 1980s, western countries have been in television digitization in various ways. The United Kingdom is the leader in this realm, while China is still in its initial stage. In this paper, we present some conclusions from a survey on the usability of DTV. The aim of this survey is to investigate public perceptions and acceptance of DTV, and to find out its influential factors. We also benchmark public perceptions of DTV usability, and elicit the significance of conducting usability research on DTV. We adopted interview and questionnaire methods. By SPSS, we conducted statistic analysis on the efficient questionnaire, include frequency analysis, correlative analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis, etc. Research showed that public takes an passive attitude to DTV application, and the more time people spend on surfing the web, the more easier they accept DTV application. It reflects the necessity of accessing to Internet through DTV, and embodies the trend and predominance of the amalgamation Telecom, Cable and Internet. However, in order to speedup the amalgamation, they bring the content, nomenclature and operation style of Internet into DTV without any change. Due to different user groups, different goals and different use context, this kind of copy does not make sense. Age and computer using experience are the primary factors of accepting DTV, so the accessibility of DTV should be the focus. Expenditure is the main reason for rejecting DTV. At the end of the research, we recruit many users to evaluate the ease of use of a series of products, then we use Hierarchical cluster to statistically analyze and review the relative usability between DTV and other products. Finally, we found that users’ perceived usability of DTV is less than that of computer, though the functions of computer are much richer than the former. To summarize, the research of DTV usability must be carried out without delay. DTV are deployed in a relaxing domestic setting and aimed at meeting the needs of entertainment，so the DTV usability evaluation method is different from that of product in office setting. Therefore, in this paper, we put forward a usability evaluation method, combing traditional usability with affective evaluation, which adapts to DTV application.
Key words: Digital television (DTV)，Usability，Affective evaluation，SPSS

摘要:本文旨在通过对数字鸿沟问题中的弱势群体即农村人群和农民工人群使用 IT 产品的研究，了解他们对 IT 产品的认识、需求以及在使用中的特殊问题，为未来开发适合这些人群使用的产品做准备，也从可用性的角度来寻求帮助弥合数字鸿沟的途径。研究结果表明，作为 IT产品的使用者，无论是农村人群还是农民工人群都显示出自身显著的用户特征和独特需求，然而这些却在很大程度上被产品开发设计人员忽视了。这些问题的解决将有助于开发出适用于这些人群的产品，有利于消除数字鸿沟。
关键词：可用性；农村；农民工；数字鸿沟
Abstract: We carried out the study of the vulnerable groups, including the off-farm workers and the rural farmers, in order to understand their cognition and requirements for IT products, special problems they met in the using process, to make preparations for future product development suitable for these groups, and to seek ways to b